Lambar don taurin ƙarfe shine H. Dangane da hanyoyin gwaji daban-daban, wakilcin al'ada sun haɗa da Brinell (HB), Rockwell (HRC), Vickers (HV), Leeb (HL), Shore (HS) taurin, da sauransu, daga cikinsu akwai. An fi amfani da HB da HRC. HB yana da fa'ida na aikace-aikace, kuma HRC ya dace da kayan tare da taurin saman ƙasa, kamar taurin maganin zafi. Bambancin shi ne cewa mai shigar da mai gwada taurin ya bambanta. Mai gwada taurin Brinell mai ƙwallo ne, yayin da mai gwajin taurin Rockwell shine mai nuna lu'u-lu'u.
HV-dace don nazarin microscope. Taurin Vickers (HV) Latsa saman kayan tare da nauyin ƙasa da 120kg da mazugi mai murabba'in lu'u-lu'u tare da kusurwar tsaye na 136°. Yankin saman ramin shigar kayan abu yana rarraba ta ƙimar kaya, wanda shine ƙimar taurin Vickers (HV). An bayyana taurin Vickers azaman HV (koma zuwa GB/T4340-1999), kuma yana auna samfuran sirara sosai.
HL šaukuwa taurin gwajin ya dace don aunawa. Yana amfani da shugaban ƙwallon tasiri don tasiri saman taurin kuma ya haifar da billa. Ana ƙididdige taurin ta hanyar rabon saurin dawowa na naushi a 1mm daga saman samfurin zuwa saurin tasiri. Ma'anar ita ce: Leeb hardness HL=1000×VB (sauri mai sauri)/VA (gudun tasiri).
Za a iya jujjuya gwajin taurin Leeb zuwa Brinell (HB), Rockwell (HRC), Vickers (HV), taurin Shore (HS) bayan ma'aunin Leeb (HL). Ko amfani da ƙa'idar Leeb don auna ƙimar taurin kai tsaye tare da Brinell (HB), Rockwell (HRC), Vickers (HV), Leeb (HL), Shore (HS).
HB - Brinell taurin:
Brinell hardness (HB) ana amfani da shi gabaɗaya lokacin da kayan ya yi laushi, kamar ƙarfe mara ƙarfe, ƙarfe kafin maganin zafi ko bayan annealing. Rockwell hardness (HRC) ana amfani dashi gabaɗaya don kayan tare da taurin mafi girma, kamar taurin bayan maganin zafi, da sauransu.
Brinell hardness (HB) kayan gwaji ne na takamaiman girman. Ƙwallon ƙarfe mai tauri ko ƙwallon carbide na wani diamita ana matse shi cikin saman ƙarfe don gwadawa. Ana kiyaye nauyin gwajin na wani ƙayyadadden lokaci, sa'an nan kuma an cire nauyin don auna diamita na shigarwa a saman da za a gwada. Ƙimar taurin Brinell ita ce ƙimar da aka samu ta hanyar rarraba kaya ta wurin sararin samaniya na indentation. Gabaɗaya, ƙwallon ƙarfe mai taurara na ƙayyadaddun girman (yawanci 10mm a diamita) ana matse shi cikin farfajiyar kayan tare da wani kaya (yawanci 3000kg) kuma ana kiyaye shi na ɗan lokaci. Bayan an cire kaya, rabon kaya zuwa wurin da aka shigar shine ƙimar taurin Brinell (HB), kuma naúrar ita ce kilogram ƙarfin / mm2 (N/mm2).
Taurin Rockwell yana ƙayyade ƙimar ƙimar taurin bisa ga zurfin nakasar filastik na ciki. 0.002 mm ana amfani dashi azaman naúrar taurin. Lokacin da HB>450 ko samfurin ya yi ƙanƙanta, ba za a iya amfani da gwajin taurin Brinell ba kuma ana amfani da ma'aunin taurin Rockwell maimakon. Yana amfani da mazugi na lu'u-lu'u tare da kusurwar tsaye na 120 ° ko ƙwallon ƙarfe tare da diamita na 1.59 ko 3.18mm don danna cikin saman kayan da aka gwada a ƙarƙashin wani nauyin kaya, kuma ana ƙididdige taurin kayan daga zurfin. na shigar. Dangane da taurin kayan gwajin, an bayyana shi a cikin ma'auni daban-daban guda uku:
HRA: Ita ce taurin da aka samu ta hanyar amfani da kaya mai nauyin 60kg da indeter cone lu'u-lu'u, wanda ake amfani da shi don kayan da ke da taurin gaske (kamar siminti carbide, da sauransu).
HRB: Ita ce taurin da aka samu ta hanyar amfani da kaya mai nauyin kilogiram 100 da kuma kwandon karfe mai kauri da diamita na 1.58mm, wanda ake amfani da shi don kayan da ke da ƙananan tauri (kamar karfen da aka cire, simintin ƙarfe, da sauransu).
HRC: Ita ce taurin da aka samu ta hanyar amfani da kaya mai nauyin kilogiram 150 da na'urar lu'u lu'u lu'u-lu'u, wanda ake amfani da shi don kayan da ke da taurin gaske (kamar taurin karfe, da sauransu).
Bugu da kari:
1.HRC na nufin Rockwell hardness C sikelin.
2.HRC da HB ana amfani dasu sosai a cikin samarwa.
3.HRC m kewayon HRC 20-67, daidai da HB225-650,
Idan taurin ya fi wannan kewayon, yi amfani da Rockwell hardness A sikelin HRA,
Idan taurin ya yi ƙasa da wannan kewayon, yi amfani da sikelin Rockwell hardness B sikelin HRB,
Matsakaicin babba na taurin Brinell shine HB650, wanda ba zai iya zama sama da wannan ƙimar ba.
4.Madaidaicin ma'aunin Rockwell hardness tester C shine mazugi na lu'u-lu'u tare da kusurwar tsaye na digiri 120. Nauyin gwajin wata ƙima ce. Ma'aunin Sinanci shine 150 kgf. Mai shigar da mai gwajin taurin Brinell shine ƙwallon ƙarfe mai tauri (HBS) ko ƙwallon carbide (HBW). Nauyin gwajin ya bambanta da diamita na ƙwallon, daga 3000 zuwa 31.25 kgf.
5.The Rockwell hardness indentation yana da ƙanƙanta sosai, kuma ƙimar da aka auna yana cikin gida. Wajibi ne a auna maki da yawa don nemo matsakaicin ƙimar. Ya dace da samfuran da aka gama da yankan bakin ciki kuma an rarraba su azaman gwaji mara lalacewa. The Brinell taurin indentation ne ya fi girma, da auna darajar daidai ne, bai dace da ƙãre kayayyakin da bakin ciki yanka, kuma gaba ɗaya ba a classified a matsayin marasa lalacewa gwaji.
6. Ƙimar taurin Rockwell hardness lamba ce da ba a bayyana sunanta ba ba tare da raka'a ba. (Saboda haka, ba daidai ba ne a kira Rockwell hardness a matsayin wani digiri).
7. Rockwell hardness yana nunawa kai tsaye akan bugun kira ko a nuna shi ta lambobi. Yana da sauƙi don aiki, sauri da fahimta, kuma ya dace da samar da taro. Taurin brinell yana buƙatar na'urar hangen nesa don auna diamita na shigarwa, sannan duba tebur ko ƙididdigewa, wanda ya fi wahalar aiki.
8. A ƙarƙashin wasu sharuɗɗa, HB da HRC za a iya musanya su ta hanyar duba tebur. Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga ta hankali za a iya yin rikodin kusan kamar: 1HRC≈1/10HB.
Gwajin taurin hanya ce mai sauƙi kuma mai sauƙi a gwajin kadarorin inji. Domin yin amfani da gwajin tauri don maye gurbin wasu gwaje-gwajen kadarorin inji, ana buƙatar ingantaccen alaƙar juzu'i tsakanin taurin da ƙarfi a samarwa.
Ayyuka sun tabbatar da cewa akwai madaidaicin dangantaka tsakanin nau'ikan taurin kayan ƙarfe daban-daban da tsakanin ƙimar taurin da ƙimar ƙarfi. Saboda ƙimar taurin yana ƙaddara ta farkon juriya na lalata filastik da ci gaba da juriya na lalata filastik, mafi girman ƙarfin kayan, mafi girman juriyar nakasar filastik, kuma mafi girman ƙimar taurin.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-16-2024
